Victoria's response to the Green Paper
Following the release of the Green Paper on June 3 2009, the Minister for Climate Change hosted a series of public forums and stakeholder workshops across Victoria to help promote and communicate the information within the Green paper and seek feedback from the Victorian community. Over a four-month period, a total of eight public forums were held throughout regional Victoria and metropolitan Melbourne along with a further seven sector specific workshops, with close to 1000 Victorians participating in these discussions.
The information and ideas put forward at the sessions will be used to help guide the development of the Climate Change White Paper, which will set out a comprehensive new climate change strategy for Victoria out to 2020.
The following summaries are the views expressed by participants of Climate Change Green Paper public forums and workshops.
Please note: The notes are collated and aggregated according to the questions which the participants were asked to discuss. No specific comment can be attributed to a particular individual, and no attempt is made to quantify the degree to which particular comments were supported amongst the participants.
- Environment Groups Workshop
- Natural Resources and Land Use Groups Workshop
- Melbourne Forum
- Bendigo Forum
- Geelong Forum
- Benalla Forum
- Box Hill Forum
Environment Groups Workshop
Summary notes of the views expressed by the 27 participants in the stakeholder workshop held for representatives of environment groups on Friday 24 July 2009 at 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne.
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Participants acknowledged that the Green Paper set the context for the development of policies and activities to respond to climate change and its impacts. The Green Paper was seen to provide the vision and the framework for the concerted actions which needed to follow. The goals and objectives identified in the Green Paper were seen to be appropriate and the scientific analysis (and the government acceptance of it) was supported. The Green Paper was seen to be a useful contribution.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
Participants commented that climate change required global leadership, but there were also things that Victoria itself could do. Some commented that the Green Paper focused more on analysis and discussion than on actions and commitments. There was seen to be more emphasis on adaptation than mitigation, and not
enough emphasis on what can be done to reduce the negative impacts, particularly in Victoria, of climate change.
The Green Paper was seen to be weak by some participants in particular areas, including:
- the link between what the science says and the level of our responses to it
- linkages and consistency with other Victorian government policies and strategies (e.g. urban growth boundaries)
- the explanation of some of the science (e.g. water flows)
- linkages to demographic trends and consumption patterns
- its assumption of ongoing coal-based power
- a sense of responsibility for climate change impacts in developing countries
- acknowledgement and recognition of the adaptations that will be required of industry
- linkages to other environmental issues and challenges (e.g. biodiversity)
- the absence of an appropriate sense of urgency
- the imbalance of public funds supporting coal-based power versus alternative energy sources
- how Victoria will align with and support a national CPRS.
3. What is missing from the climate change Green Paper?
Participants commented that the Green Paper was missing a well-articulated vision for Victoria’s responses to climate change, and clear actions with which to pursue the vision. Some participants had wanted the Green Paper to make a strong case for state action, along with commitments from government to funds. Some participants expected more of an Action Plan, with clear responsibilities for delivery. And some wanted a state-based strategy and plan for the transition away from reliance on coal.
Some participants commented that the Green Paper was missing the analysis of other models and what other governments (e.g. Scotland) are doing. Others suggested that the mechanisms for delivery were missing such as engaging with local government and/or supporting local community groups to drive the necessary changes. And recognition of the challenge of climate refugees was seen to be missing. Some participants thought that there should be more emphasis on communications and training. Communications in languages other than English were seen to be missing, and there was a call for more advice and assistance for individuals seeking alternative energy options. It was suggested that training and education at all levels would need to be sharpened and improved if it was to cope with the pace of climate change and its impacts. And it was proposed that responses should include funds for climate change risk assessments.
4. What are the priorities that most need attention?
Some participants advocated the pursuit of a better balance between population and energy usage as a high priority. Some argued that reduction of the energyuse contribution to climate change was urgent, by both greater energy efficiency and greater use of alternative energy sources. This challenge was interpreted by some as the task of decarbonising Victoria’s energy supply, which was seen to be difficult but crucial.
Some participants put the highest priority on clarifying the urgency of the science, along with clear actions and time scales for an appropriate set of responses. Others proposed specific priorities, including ecosystem monitoring and mapping, refocusing training and education systems on climate change issues, and commencing retrofitting of buildings and cars for energy efficiency.
5. What should be the roles of state government and others?
Participants identified a number of roles for state government in both mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Some participants saw a key role for state government in leadership, in areas such as marketing, regulating and setting a good example. Others saw a key role in establishing consistent whole-of-government policies and strategies. It was suggested that state government should apply a climate change overlay on all legislation, in order to establish the importance of climate change considerations.
Some participants saw a role for state government in mainstreaming and legitimising climate change considerations in the general population. Suggestions for how to do this included:
- removal of current subsidies for energy generators
- strong declaration of a climate intent and close monitoring of progress towards it
- clear action commitments, with associated responsibilities and financial support
- empowering and supporting individuals and communities to take local actions
- preparing and committing to a back-up plan for Victoria if a national CPRS does not eventuate or does not work.
6. What are the biggest challenges for the implementation of climate change responses?
A number of participants saw the biggest challenges and barriers as entrenched behaviours, habits and attitudes. The adjustments that were seen to be needed included changing:
- taxation incentives for car use
- unnecessary lighting at night
- energy inefficient street lighting
- planning roadblocks and parochial attitudes
- inappropriate land use
- the low value placed on ecosystems
- over-reliance on national policies and approaches
- reliance on traditional energy sources
- uncoordinated policies and programs.
Some participants saw climate change as a vehicle to re-think a wide range of environmental issues and challenges. The magnitude of the impact of climate change was seen to provide an opportunity for agreeing on new environmental goals and targets, and for pursuing them cooperatively. It was suggested that climate change provides an opportunity to engage the whole community in a rethink of our lifestyles, and an opportunity to lead people into appropriate responses at all levels. Some participants saw this as a chance to tap into the energy within communities, and to facilitate community innovation and collaboration. Some saw it as a chance to challenge industry to change towards best practice in energy efficiency.
It was suggested that climate change offered the prospect of aligning economic development to sustainability. Some participants saw opportunities in the money to be saved by greater energy efficiency and reduced consumption. Some saw opportunities in green jobs, and pursuit of alternative energy sources. Others saw opportunities in the adjustment of subsidies as incentives for commercial innovation.
There were also some specific opportunities indentified. It was suggested that Victoria’s sophisticated road safety campaigns were a good example of the opportunity that exists to influence people’s attitudes and behaviours. It was proposed that alternative fuels (e.g. natural gas) could be used in vehicles to reduce climate change impacts. And some participants saw an opportunity for substantial investment in alternative energy infrastructure.
It was noted that communities often tend to unite and work together when confronted with a crisis, and climate change offered an opportunity for constructive local actions that also enhance community cohesion.
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Natural Resources and Land Use Groups Workshop
Summary notes of the views expressed by the 25 participants in the stakeholder workshop held for representatives of natural resources and land use groups on Wednesday 5 August 2009 at Macarthur Street, Melbourne.
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Participants acknowledged that the Green Paper was well presented and quite readable, with good graphics and layout. Some participants particularly like the emphasis which the Green Paper placed on themes of opportunity, adaptation, and innovation.
Some participants thought that the Green Paper canvassed and summarised the issues well, with good clear goals and comprehensive coverage. There were also positive comments on the Paper’s regional approach, on its approach to economic markets, and on its cross-Departmental and whole-of-government approach to climate change issues.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
Some participants thought that the Green Paper was not strong enough on the linkages between climate change and biodiversity, and thought that it should have placed higher priority on biodiversity risks and on the issues associated with growth areas.
Particular areas of perceived Green Paper weakness, which some participants mentioned, included:
- adjustments required in agriculture and farming
- the need for high quality research and monitoring
- land use impacts of climate change, including irrigation impacts
- the limits on the capacity of people to understand and take up the technological changes required
- inadequate land use planning in Victoria
- indigenous themes and land rights, and engagement with indigenous communities
- the rapid pace and timing of change required (eg. in tropical forests and in dry land areas)
- the health links between climate change and biodiversity, including psychological impacts
- the role of state government in clearing and managing its own land
- the role of state government in leveraging private investment for adaptations
- the relationship between overhead cabling and tree removal.
3. What is missing from the climate change Green Paper?
Some participants thought that the Green Paper was missing an appropriate scale and time perspective, particularly with respect to both the magnitude and urgency of the challenge. Some also suggested that the pace of change required may be beyond our capacity to adapt.
Specific components that were perceived by some participants to be missing in the Green Paper included:
- the integration and coordination of policies and programs across the whole of state government
- the tenure and ownership of such vital resources as water
- the importance of urban public space and the adaptations required in cities
- the mechanisms required to build on the benefits of a national CPRS
- the adjustment pathways that will be necessary
- full acknowledgement of regional differences (one size does not fit all)
- commitments to the research and data collection that will be required
- commitments to shift freight from road to rail
- recognition of indigenous rights, and the impact of climate change on indigenous culture
- impacts of climate change on horticulture
- the profiling of vulnerability to climate change, including social, economic and environmental vulnerability
- clarity on protocols and procedures with respect to ownership as land uses change
- analysis of feedback loop systems that accelerate change
- the control of developments on waterways
- recognition of the importance and potential role of Catchment Management Authorities
- proper accounting and financial modelling of real costs
- the inter-relationships between water, energy, land use and other impacted components
- peak oil, and its transport implications, and
- considerations of equity in the treatment of assets and costs.
4. What are the priorities that most need attention?
Some participants thought that the highest priority should be good research and good science, and on the development of comprehensive financial modelling that provides clarity on real costs. Some participants saw the highest priority as being awareness-raising and education within the community, perhaps via TAC-style public awareness campaigns.
There were some suggestions that focussing on a particular area as a high priority could provide a short cut to the needed changes, and could catalyse other appropriate adaptations. One suggestion was that the focus be on waterways, another was that it be on capacity building, or on innovation, and another was that it be on retrofitting existing infrastructure (eg buildings).
Some participants saw the highest priority as achieving a balance of one kind or another. The balance being sought was – respectively – between carrot and stick in the government’s approach, between urgency and caution in the pace of adaptation, between community priorities and government priorities, and between changing behaviours and responding to changed behaviours (eg public transport).
5. What should be the roles of state government and others?
Participants saw a number of roles for state government in the process of adapting to the impacts of climate change. It was suggested that the market cannot cope with the rapid land management changes which will be required, and the state government should step in to assist with relocations and capacity building. It was also seen to be a state government role to invest in adaptations and to leverage private investment in the same directions.
Some participants saw the state government as a good source of small grants for local adaptations, and one suggestion was for a government-imposed Environmental Levy with which to fund adaptation. Some saw a role for government in defining the nature of good land stewardship, and then regulating to enforce it.
It was suggested the federal government had a primary role in climate change mitigation, and the state government had a primary role in adaptation. The federal government was also seen to have a role in influencing the banks in their responses to those vulnerable to climate change, and in adjusting the role of its own Centrelink in dealing with those impacted.
6. What are the biggest challenges for the implementation of climate change responses?
A number of participants saw a significant challenge in what they called “consultation fatigue”, particularly amongst organisations with very limited resources. Some participants saw this challenge as associated with the difficulty of engaging the community on complex issues, and the difficult task of getting community acceptance of the scale of the changes needed, and the associated costs.
Some participants saw the biggest challenges as population growth and consumption, and the lack of widespread understanding of what lies ahead. Farmers were seen to be particularly vulnerable, with limited financial capacity to adapt, and little sense of empowerment to tackle the task.
Other challenges were seen to include the poor general understanding of biodiversity issues, the apparent inability of the state government to manage its own land, and the constant threat of bushfires and other calamities to catchment health.
7. What are the biggest opportunities created by climate change and its impact?
Some participants saw climate change as providing a major opportunity to mobilise passionate public support for action. Some saw an opportunity for leadership on the issue, and for the harnessing of the energy of small groups to push for healthy communities.
Some participants perceived opportunities to disseminate important environmental messages, and to tell the story of the “hidden” economy. Other opportunities that were seen to come from climate change included the pursuit of food security and the revegetation of catchments. Some participants also saw an opportunity for partnerships that would have otherwise been more difficult.
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Melbourne Forum
Summary notes of the views expressed by approximately 190 participants in the public forum held on Tuesday 21 July 2009 at the Melbourne Town Hall.
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Participants were positive about the initiative which the Green Paper represents, and about the discussion and debate which it will catalyse. Some participants described it as a good comprehensive overview, with useful broad principles and frameworks. Some were positive about the aspiration of the Green Paper to set the bar higher, and about its acknowledgement of the impact of climate change on vulnerable people.
There were also positive comments on the Premier’s commitments in the introduction to the Green Paper, and on the emphases within the paper on accepting the science, and on the pursuit of innovation and green jobs. It was noted with approval that the Green Paper was printed on recycled paper and that it was well presented.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
A number of participants thought that the Green Paper was weak on specifics and details. Some participants would have preferred clear targets and strategies, such as proposals to pursue some particular legislation or to resolve some specific issues. Some participants described the Green Paper as woolly, with high level discussion but no clear vision of the future to pursue. Particular areas of perceived weakness which were noted by participants included the absence of:
- timelines and a sense of urgency in comparison with what the science implies
- clear goals against which performance can be measured
- mechanisms to ensure cooperation and consistency (and less conflict) across government departments
- acknowledgement of particular areas of ecosystem stress (e.g. coasts)
- mechanisms to protect Victorian manufacturing
- a clear hands-on interventionist role for government
- commitments to improvements in transport, planning and building adaptations
- clear communications to the community on what lies ahead
- appropriate credit for voluntary market efforts.
3. What is missing from the climate change Green Paper?
A number of participants thought that the Green Paper was missing a sense of urgency, particularly with respect to energy supply and use. Some participants wanted priorities and timeframes for the decarbonisation of Victoria’s electricity, and a much more vigorous pursuit of renewable energy sources.
The Green Paper was seen by some participants to be missing particular components including:
- the promise of new technologies and their commercialisation
- the potential of and the impact of power privatisation
- the dominance and difficulty of the Latrobe Valley power stations
- recognition of peak oil and its impact
- the prospect of personal carbon targets
- international benchmarking and overseas case studies
- gross feed-in-tariffs for solar energy
- the prospect of nuclear power for Victoria
- the use of economic levers to modify individual behaviour, and
- the current role and the potential role of local government in adaptation actions.
4. What should be done to respond to the physical impacts of climate change?
Participants proposed a number of adaptations that could help Victoria respond to the physical impact of climate change, including:
- education and training to significantly improve the levels of climate change literacy
- the use of financial incentives to change individual behaviour (e.g. transport usage) and to assist businesses to change (e.g. retrofits)
- investment in research into the development of new technologies and new businesses
- enhancing the capacity of community organisations to assist people to adapt
- returning to traditional energy-efficient building designs and materials
- building community resilience and psychological preparedness for known impacts investment in a wide range of alternative energy sources and in the implied manufacturing changes
- adapting transport and building regulations to demand energy efficiency
- recognising and promoting the examples of positive adaptation.
5. What should be the role of state government and others in responding to climate change impacts?
Participants proposed a number of roles for state government in responding to climate change impacts, including:
- facilitation and promotion of local adaptation initiatives
- support for vulnerable and disadvantaged communities
- management of the structural changes which will occur, including the displacement of people and the demise of businesses
- removal of barriers to electricity co-gen and tri-gen
- adapting the delivery of government services to be more carbon-neutral
- investing in state-wide education activities to enhance climate change literacy
- identification and promotion of small scale models that can be adopted state-wide
- provision of financial support to local government and community organisations to pursue risk assessments
- reversal of state government policies which will make people more vulnerable to the impact of climate change (e.g. urban growth boundaries).
6. What should be done in response to an Australian CPRS (and who should play which roles)?
A number of participants had suggestions for how the proposed national CPRS could be improved, including the urgent inclusion of agriculture, stronger commitments to precise targets, and building in energy efficiency requirements. Some participants also wanted the Federal Government to play a stronger role in the
mitigation of climate change, and in support of the infrastructure that will be required to adapt to climate change.
The participants had a number of suggestions for the role of state government with respect to a national CPRS, including:
- strong advocacy to the federal government for a stronger CPRS
- the development of Victoria’s own mitigation measures and targets (lead, not follow)
- the development of Victoria as the nation’s leading renewable technology hub
- R&D funding to assist those likely to be disadvantaged in the market
- significant investment in low carbon infrastructure and other complementary measures
- facilitation of and support for local initiatives
- bipartisan support for comprehensive state-wide actions
- funding for localised education and communications programs to prepare for a CPRS.
opportunity to drive cooperation between the three levels of government, and to ensure that national policies are appropriately translated into regional and local actions. There were reservations expressed about the CPRS itself, and some participants proposed parallel initiatives that might assist. These included a roadmap for reducing
compensation, incentives for low carbon power generation, promotion of energy efficient appliances and buildings, measures to address anticipated market failures, and tools to effectively monitor and evaluate the CPRS itself.
7. What opportunities are created by climate change for new technologies and initiatives (and who should play which roles?)
The participant saw climate change as providing a number of potential opportunities for positive changes. Some participants saw opportunities at the level of the economy, with investments in start-up innovative companies and in the development of intellectual property, and with seed funding for new R&D innovations. It was suggested that the federal government should provide incentives to keep green industries in Australia.
Some participants saw opportunities in specific initiatives, such as energy from waste or non-food biofuels, gross feed in tariffs, water efficient agriculture, the development of cool rooms and pavements, and personal carbon allocations. It was suggested that Victoria could become a leader in efficient manufacturing, via transformation of industry processes. Some participants saw climate change as providing an opportunity to phase out coal and develop an alternative future for the Latrobe Valley. There was interest in incorporating innovation into retrofits of existing buildings, including government buildings. And there was support for education and training to prepare industry and people for green jobs and the shift to renewable energies.
Some participants saw a role for state government in trialling geothermal and wave power, and in providing incentives for changes in individual behaviours. It was suggested that regulation and incentives could be combined (carrot and stick) to encourage greater use of energy efficient transport and housing options, with associated
social and health benefits. It was suggested that all levels of government should play a role in setting a good example (e.g. in their procurement practices), and in supporting local initiatives. Some participants saw climate change as an opportunity to enhance the role of local government, particularly with the potential for a local or regional focus and for the development of sustainable small town pilots and models.
The capacity of local communities to initiate change was seen by some participants to provide state and federal governments with an opportunity to “surf the wave” of innovation from community groups and networks. However, some participants warned against shifting the cost of climate change responses from federal or state government to local government.
Some participants thought that climate change was such a significant issue that it required the appointment of a Royal Commission, in order to attract the level of attention and resources which the challenge deserves.
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Bendigo Forum
Summary notes of the views expressed by the 69 participants at the public forum held on Friday 17 July 2009 at the All Season Quality Resort in Bendigo.
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Participants commented positively that the Green Paper signalled that the Victorian Government accepted the scientific evidence for climate change and its impacts, and that the Victorian Government seemed willing to take actions in response. The Green Paper was seen to be a useful vehicle to start the public conversation about climate change. The consistency between the positions taken by the Federal and Victorian governments was seen to be a positive. Some participants thought the Green Paper was well written, and described the current circumstances and issues quite well. Some thought it was a well presented and attractive document.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
Participants commented that they found the Green Paper too general and lacking detail. It was described as essentially a discussion paper, without proposed actions or priorities. It was seen by some participants to be weak in particular areas, including:
- water and irrigation
- environmental tipping points
- rail freight and transport alternatives
- peak oil connections
- responses to bushfires
- alternative energy sources and the market for them
- responsibilities of industry
- biolinks and wildlife corridors
- biodiversity protection
- planning opportunities.
3. What is missing from the climate change Green Paper?
Participants commented that the Green Paper was missing short-term goals and action plans, and clear definitive proposals. Some participants thought the Green Paper was Melbourne-centric, and needed clearer guidance on personal and shared responsibilities and on community empowerment and engagement, perhaps to the point of secondary documentation of specific regional impacts and actions. Analysis of the impact of population growth (and consumption) on sustainability was seen to be missing, as was a clear government resolve to move away from carbon pollution sources of energy.
An emphasis on the role of education was seen to be missing by some participants, and some thought that the Green Paper would be enhanced by stories and case studies that people could relate to. A group of participants argued for inclusion of a population policy for Victoria, and there was the suggestion that an Executive Summary of the document would be helpful. There was also the suggestion that the Green Paper was missing a sense of hope, to offset its negative pictures of the future.
4. What should be done to respond to the physical impacts of the climate change?
Participants in the public forum noted that climate change impacts will vary across regions, but there was a call for state-wide policy consistency. There were also calls for a broad debate on population policy and on resource usage patterns, and for education and awareness-raising activities on climate change across Victoria. Some participants thought that the practical climate change response actions of individuals and communities should be publicised and promoted.
Some participants thought that significant reductions in energy demands were needed, others expected there to be depopulation of the most severely affected regions. There were calls for better computer modelling of holistic consequences, and for a National Covenant with industry, to respond to climate change. Some participants wanted planning regulations to ensure that appropriate infrastructure (e.g. solar power) was suitably located. A group of participants wanted more public forums to empower and leverage the momentum of local environment groups.
5. What should be the role of state government in responding to climate change impacts?
A number of roles were suggested for the Victorian Government in responding to climate change impacts, including:
- financial incentives for lower energy usage and retrofitting buildings
- evidence-based independent advice to individuals and organisations
- assistance with the impacts of the transition to a lower energy use future
- increased standards and ratings for buildings
- carbon footprint labelling on food
- creation of urban conservation zones with mandatory standards
- a moratorium on new coal power stations
- support for the educational roles of local community groups
- support for farming innovations and adaptations
- support and recognition for local government as a key service provider
- providing resources commensurate with responsibilities.
6. What should be done in response to an Australian CPRS (and what should be the role of the state government)?
Some participants were not supportive of the CPRS currently proposed by the Federal Government, but they noted that the Victorian Government had indicated that it would cooperate if the CPRS is introduced. Some participants suggested that the Victorian Government should lobby the Federal Government to improve the CPRS, and to strengthen its urgency and the use of national mitigation actions.
Suggestions of responses to the CPRS included:
- provision of independent reliable information and advice
- education and training for communities in energy efficiency and economic transformation
- sequestration offsets in agriculture
- incentives and rewards for positive voluntary actions alongside penalties for poor carbon footprints
- regional displays (name and shame) of energy use patterns
- encouragement of domestic solutions and individual actions
- targets and expectations based on parliamentary terms.
7. What opportunities are created by climate change for new technologies and initiatives (and what should be the role of state government?)
A number of forum participants saw numerous opportunities in transport, including greater and easier use of bicycles, more freight to rail, better use of ports, and development of regional public transport systems. Other participants saw opportunities in planning, including requirements for more sustainable cities and towns, stronger building codes for energy savings and the use of renewable energy.
Some saw renewable energy sources as the opportunity for new research and service industries and green jobs, particularly in areas such as solar, wind and/or biomass power, storing soil carbon, or the development of smart energy grids. Opportunities were also noted in changes towards sustainable land use and in farming practices, such as reducing the use of water and increasing productivity in horticulture. Other suggestions included the creation of wildlife corridors, incentivising local habitat protection, and using community managed models for the local use of renewable energy.
Climate change was seen by some participants as creating an opportunity for local communities to work more closely together, and to develop an integrated climate change response for each region. It was also seen as an opportunity for state government to set a good example, with the removal of the silos within government that are working on the issue, and with more public servants demonstrating energy efficient work patterns.
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Geelong Forum
Summary notes of the views expressed by the 73 participants in the public forum held on Wednesday 22 July 2009 at Kardinia Park in Geelong.
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Some participants were positive about the acceptance of the scientific evidence which was seen to underpin the Green Paper. Another strength was seen to be its emphasis on partnerships and collaboration, between different levels of government and between the public and private sectors. Also seen to be strengths were the logical style and comprehensive agenda of the Green Paper, and the sense of opportunity which it presented.
Some specific foci were noted as positive aspects of the Paper, including transport, agriculture, new technologies and renewable energy. Some participants also welcomed the commitment to engagement with the community, which was seen to be demonstrated by the Paper itself, and by the associated consultations about it.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
Some participants saw the Green Paper as lacking urgency and details, without a clear commitment to real change. Some questioned what difference the Green Paper will make to achieving a healthy environment, since they saw the Paper as lacking the boldness and enthusiasm that would be needed to match the size of the challenge.
There were a number of particular perceived weaknesses which were identified by some participants, including:
- clarity on the nature of a healthy environment
- acknowledgement of regional differences and the different responses required
- the role of local government
- the failure to acknowledge differences amongst the views of scientists
- insufficient emphasis on the management and reduction of energy use
- excessive emphasis on improved technologies
- apparent acceptance of silos within governments and insufficient attention to whole-of-government and integrated policies
- the pressure on small farms
- the challenge and implications of water harvesting
- the absence of time projections for milestone achievements of targets.
Some participants would have preferred the Green Paper to draw more on the experience of other countries, and for it to be more prepared to acknowledge that Victoria is a relatively high contributor to climate change. Some would have preferred to see more questioning of basic underlying assumptions about current behaviours and consumption patterns.
It was suggested that the Green Paper demonstrated a disjoint between the needs and the actions proposed, and that it was missing a commitment to the proactive leadership that will be required. Other components that were seen to be missing by some participants included:
- definitions of green skills and green jobs
- government commitments to green procurement and to purchasing Australian-made
- financial commitments
- recognition of the importance of the marine environment
- transparency on Victoria’s energy challenges and on energy alternatives (including tidal)
- reduction of heritage and other regulations that restrict development
- commitments to industry adaptations
- commitments to domestic building adaptations and retrofits
- clear targets for achievement by 2020.
4. What should be done to respond to the physical impacts of the climate change?
Some participants saw the response to climate change impacts as best pursued at the regional level. The suggestions for responding included the creation of regional alliances and regional think tanks, and the identification and monitoring of regional carbon footprints. Targets and timelines for each region were also suggested.
Some participants saw the response as best pursued by behavioural and financial incentives. The suggestions included: disincentives for high energy use; making public transport more available and attractive; investing in alternative technologies; and expansion of waste recycling infrastructure.
Other responses suggested by participants included:
- creation of real green jobs
- cashback for green investments
- gross feed in tariffs
- better coastal planning and protection
- creation of ecoliving (one-stop-shop) centres in all regional cities
- better water policies
- raising community awareness of inevitable climate change impacts
- assisting people who will need to relocate
- development of local or regional energy efficient industries.
Some participants saw a role for the federal government in allocating funds (perhaps from the CPRS) to new initiatives, in order to better respond to climate change impacts. It was also suggested that the federal government should find ways to enable top Australian climate change scientists to stay in Australia.
The participants identified a number of adaptation roles for state government, including:
- requiring low carbon energy production
- creation of an Adaptation Fund for local initiatives and new technologies
- investment in energy efficient manufacturing
- stronger ecosystem protection
- support for local government to undertake local actions
- better coordination of the activities of different Departments and statutory authorities
- authorising the Essential Services Commission to set energy prices, considering efficiency and carbon footprint issues
- pursuit of consistent planning regulations that facilitate responses to climate change
- facilitation of adjustments to coastal infrastructure in preparation for climate change impacts.
Local government was seen to have a potential role by some participants, with easy water tank permits, free water tanks, and subsidies for the associated plumbing.
The community was also seen to have a potential role by some participants, with identification and management of their own risks, and with the building of local capacity to respond and adapt to the local impacts.
In general, some participants wanted to see all levels of government being more transparent on their climate change activities, and they wanted to see clearly defined roles and more leadership on climate change from governments.
6. What should be done in response to an Australian CPRS (and who should play what role)?
Some participants saw the proposed CPRS as not good enough to constitute an appropriate response, and they saw a role for the state government in advocating a stronger scheme and a more urgent response. Some participants advocated a leadership role for Australia in South East Asia on climate change issues, and in helping developing countries to respond.
Some participants argued for Victoria to call for and participate in close monitoring and strong enforcement of any CPRS that is introduced, and to facilitate the implementation of any changes that are implied by the monitoring. There was also a call for state government to implement parallel activities to cover areas not within the CPRS itself, such as public transport development, coordination of implementation, and education and awareness raising at all levels.
The CPRS was seen by some participants to be a potential marketing tool for businesses, and some saw it as a tool for pursuit of equitable costs (and benefits) associated with climate change impacts. Some participants saw the CPRS as an opportunity to assist the pursuit of sequestration.
There was a call from some participants for transparency at all levels in association with the CPRS, particularly with respect to the funding model. Some participants wanted the funds to be targeted specifically to climate change impacts and/or to community education on climate change and the CPRS.
7. What opportunities are created by climate change for new technologies and initiatives (and who should play what role?)
Some participants saw climate change as providing an opportunity for more significant support to be directed towards a range of sensible initiatives, including:
- development of renewable energy sources and new energy industries
- improved public transport, including between cities
- expansion of the broadband network
- recycling of waste materials
- greater gas generation
- sharpening of building regulations
- higher density housing
- development of smart grid technologies
- creation of smart (green) jobs
- improvement of tertiary education on climate change
- cultural and behavioural changes, such as turning off power and lights when not in use.
There were also opportunities seen to exist at the local level, with more emphasis on working at home (via broadband) and more local foodmarkets with regional produce. Local government was seen to be well placed to facilitate local initiatives.
Some participants saw a role for state government in the use of subsidies and incentives to empower local communities to work together to pursue changes. It was also seen to be a potential role of state government to switch freight from road to rail, and to facilitate the introduction of refunds on returned glass and metal. State government was also seen to be the potential source of quality control and assurance in climate change responses, in order to minimise carpetbagging and green washing.
Some participants saw climate change as providing an opportunity to develop a population policy for Victoria (and Australia) and to impact on the excessive consumption patterns of Australians. These initiatives, and others, were seen to require a greater (and highly desirable) level of efficiency and cooperation across governments.
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Benalla Forum
Summary notes of the views expressed by the 98 participants in the public forum held on 18 August 2009 at the Benalla Town Hall.
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Comments included that the Paper is a good starting point for discussion and that it provides an accurate depiction of the science and sets out a comprehensive picture of climate change. Participants were positive about the Green Paper’s acknowledgement of the challenges and attempt to set some goals and priorities.
Some participants were positive about the Paper’s acknowledgement of the impact of climate change on vulnerable people (particularly those involved in agriculture) and the creation of opportunities for businesses and households to use more renewable energy.
The document was described as user friendly. Comments included support and appreciation for ongoing community involvement and consultation of the sort conducted during the Benalla forum on this day.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
A number of participants thought that the Green Paper should have outlined a clearer, more specific vision for Victoria and its leadership role including setting clearer measurable targets. Some participants thought the Paper focussed more on larger centres (Melbourne, large towns) than country/regional Victoria and the needs of farming communities. Some responses showed participants thought the document was weak on specifics and details. Some thought that the Paper overemphasised adaptation rather than mitigation and that timeframe of 2050 was too distant. Many participants sought a sense of urgency within a shorter timeframe.
Participants noted areas of perceived weakness including seeking more clarity about how:
- the state government will make decisions on significant, high impact climate change issues and support for local level initiatives
- the state government will work together with other levels of government
- goals and targets to monitor progress will be set
- current regional strategies and plans will fit in with broader plans
- agriculture will be treated in context of CPRS
- mechanisms to ensure cooperation, consistency and integration of policies across all levels of government and departments
- commitments to improvements in transport, planning and building to cope with the impacts of climate change
- acknowledgement of existing carbon banks
- plans for more public education
- ideas for and creation of more opportunities for local areas to continue community building
Some participants noted an over-reliance within the Paper on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as the primary means to reduce emissions at the expense of more proven, cleaner technologies such as solar and wind. CCS was considered to be experimental and decades away from being operational.
3. What is missing from the climate change Green Paper?
Participants stated that the initiatives outlined in the Green Paper do not provide a vision for a low carbon future and do not match the scale of climate change-related problems that lie ahead.
Some participants wanted a much more vigorous pursuit of renewable energy sources, more aggressive energy efficiency standards and greater clarity about intentions regarding Victoria’s water future.
The Green Paper was seen by some participants to be missing particular components including the:
- need for regional responses to climate change and opportunities to further develop and promulgate models of good practice underway in regions
- recognition of the impact of population growth and associated development (large urban centres) on the environment
- consideration of how telecommunications can reduce energy use (improving contact between people using less travel)
- need for new initiatives related to water management/saving/entitlements
- consideration of halting logging in old growth forests
- impact on biodiversity - consideration of the White Paper on Biodiversity
- consideration of applying learning from the Vic Waste Recovery Institute
- whole of government approach to co-ordinate initiatives and policies
- means by which young people will be consulted
- strategies and alternatives to address household and other waste management
- issues related to local food production
- climate change refugees
- possibility of nuclear power for Victoria
- consideration of school and public education/awareness raising particularly related to technical issues
- consideration of the continuing and potential impact of consumerism
- current and continuing roles for local government in adaptation actions particularly related to resources, funding for risk audits across Victoria and support for local sustainability groups. It was stated that Local Government may face tough decisions in areas where communities may become unviable.
Participants proposed a number of adaptation actions that could help Victoria respond to the physical impact of climate change, including:
- educating and training to significantly improve the levels of climate change knowledge particularly related to technical issues
- using financial incentives to change individual/household behaviour (eg. waste management, shower heads)
- providing greater/new powers for statutory authorities (eg. water)
- decentralising energy provision, renewable energy plants
- investing in research into the development of new technologies, new businesses and growing techniques in agriculture (start now, not wait for White Paper)
- seeking consistency across all jurisdictions for star/energy efficiency ratings and for planning developments particularly along foreshore areas
- funding for local government for risk audits
- building community resilience and psychological preparedness - support for mental health issues as people need to adapt to difficult change and cope with more extreme climate events (fires, floods, storms)
- supporting additional training/retraining for people (particularly retirees)
- investing in a wide range of alternative energy sources
- supporting sustainable farming
- setting measurable targets in the agriculture sector
- providing sufficient support for structural adjustment rather than ‘death by a thousand cuts’
- offer incentives for innovation (such as a prize for the first solar powered air conditioners
- adapting building regulations to demand greater energy efficiency – from 5 to 7 star energy ratings
5. What should be the role of state government and others in responding to climate change impacts?
Participants proposed a number of roles for state government in responding to climate change impacts, including:
- facilitating and promoting local adaptation initiatives particularly by funding local government
- seeking greater planning consistency
- shifting subsidies from coal based energy to renewable energy
- supporting vulnerable and disadvantaged communities
- adapting the delivery of government services to be more carbon-neutral
- investing in state-wide education activities to enhance climate change literacy
- identifying and promulgating regional models that can be scaled up across the state/country
- providing financial support to local government and community organisations to pursue risk assessments at local/regional level
6. What should be done in response to an Australian CPRS (and who should play which roles)?
A number of participants had suggestions for how the proposed national CPRS could be improved, including the urgent inclusion of agriculture, stronger commitments to precise targets, and building in energy efficiency requirements. Participants sought more information and wider and more comprehensive education on CPRS and associated issues such as where agriculture sits with the scheme.
Some participants also wanted the State Government to apply pressure to the Federal Government to play a stronger role in mitigation of climate change (including for renewable energy and incentives for industries to encourage change to renewable energy sources) and in support of the infrastructure that will be required to adapt to climate change.
The participants had a number of suggestions for the role of state government with respect to a national CPRS, including:
- the development of Victoria’s own mitigation measures and targets (lead, not follow)
- funding to assist those in vulnerable regions most likely to be disadvantaged by a CPRS – suggestions included providing support for retraining during transition in the Latrobe Valley and compensation for farmers affected by costly adaptation
- significant investment in low carbon infrastructure and other complementary measures
- facilitation of and support for local/regional initiatives to strengthen local voices and promulgation of regional models
There were reservations expressed about the CPRS itself, and some participants proposed parallel initiatives that might assist. These included suggestions for reducing compensation, incentives for low carbon power generation, promotion of energy efficient appliances and buildings, measures to address anticipated market failures, and tools to effectively monitor and evaluate the CPRS itself.
7. What opportunities are created by climate change for new technologies and initiatives (and who should play which roles?)
Some participants thought the Paper was too limited in exploring opportunities for new technologies and suggested other examples such as wave technology, tidal energy and nuclear energy. Participants also saw climate change as providing a number of potential opportunities for positive changes.
Some participants saw opportunities in specific initiatives, such as energy from waste, water efficient agriculture and improving storm water catchment, increasing use of solar energy, locating bio-energy industries on non-arable land and improving landfill capture facilities.
Other suggestions included:
- retro-fitting houses to five star energy efficiency levels
- setting a seven star rating for new houses
- reprioritising the training system to focus on building, transport and agriculture and considering issues of training access and fees
- considering the Hume Strategy re green jobs
- reducing registration fees for more fuel efficient cars
- developing clear measures against which to monitor progress and ensuring monitoring is open and transparent – this requires resources allocated to measurement over a sustained period of time
- engaging with Koorie communities – use expertise/know how for food production and provide funds to support research with CRC’s
- developing whole-of-life cycle consideration for products such as (old) computers which can be recycled
- supporting improvements for agricultural practices related to water catchment and use eg hydroponics, alternatives to meat
- supporting solar industries
- supporting ‘smaller’ projects – use of tanks, local planting – instead of large scale stimulus packages
- supporting improving the efficiency and quality of food production – questioning whether Australia should be providing more food for other countries
There was interest in incorporating innovation into retrofits of existing buildings including a third, grey water system. And there was support for education and training to prepare industry and people for green jobs and the shift to renewable energies.
It was suggested that regulation and incentives could be combined (carrot and stick) to encourage greater use of energy efficient public transport (particularly rail) and housing options, with associated social and health benefits.
It was suggested that all levels of government should play a role in setting a good example and in supporting local initiatives. Some participants saw climate change as an opportunity to enhance the role of local government, particularly with the potential for a local or regional focus and for the development of sustainable small town pilots and models.
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Box Hill Forum
Summary notes of the views expressed by 198 participants in the public forum held on 20 August 2009 at the Box Hill Town Hall
1. What are the strengths of the climate change Green Paper?
Many comments stated the Green Paper is comprehensive as it touches every important sector and provides a good starting point for discussion of key climate change issues. There were positive comments about the Green Paper’s acknowledgement of the science on climate change, recognition of key challenges and attempts to set some goals and priorities.
Some participants were positive about the Victorian government encouraging discussion of climate change issues (eg mainstreaming the focus, providing summary information in the Paper) and involving communities in consultation. Some participants commented that strengths included the conduct of the Box Hill forum on this day.
The Paper’s acknowledgement of the potential impact of climate change on vulnerable communities was seen as a strength. Some participants thought the Paper created valuable opportunities for green jobs and for households to use more renewable energy. Some participants were positive about the Paper’s inclusion of public/private action and support for local government.
2. What are the weaknesses of the climate change Green Paper?
A number of participants thought that the Green Paper should have canvassed broader solutions (eg gas, CCS) and outlined a clearer, more specific vision for Victoria and its leadership role including setting clearer measurable targets and creating a more pressing timeframe for action.
Some responses showed participants thought the content was too high level, contained some inconsistencies and remained weak on specific actions and funding. Comments included a request for clarity on funding and standards, guidelines and regulation and transition arrangements.
Weaknesses in the Paper were identified in comments related to:
- Need to align strategy with science
- Clarity about transition to 100% renewables by 2050 including focus on bio-sequestration
- The impact of food production (methane production)
- Water policy and infrastructure
- Addressing population growth and policy on the size/nature of urban boundaries
- Addressing how the state government and departments will work together
- Focusing on greater environment protection (eg deforestation, large scale impact such as on the Great Barrier Reef, height limit of 4 stories on buildings)
- Impact on health issues
Some participants wanted the Green Paper to be stronger in indicating Victoria’s advocacy of adaptation actions, emissions cuts and a more urgent timeline.
Several questions were raised and some doubts were expressed about the science related to climate change as outlined in the Paper.
3. What is missing from the climate change Green Paper?
Some participants stated that the Green Paper misses a comprehensive understanding of solutions, practical actions and concrete suggestions to address the scale of problems. Some participants sought a more vigorous pursuit of renewable energy sources and higher energy efficiency standards (eg from 5 star to 7 star ratings for buildings).
The Green Paper was seen by some participants to be missing particular references and /or components including:
- recognition of the impact of population growth and urban development
- specific transition support for industries and vulnerable communities
- references to prominent scientists and organisations – eg CSIRO
- need for a glossary of terms
- need for a map plotting emissions trajectory over time
- need for clear timelines for action
- possibility of seed funding to support groups
- review of the government’s own procurement processes
- need for greater consistency for approaches to recycling waste
- consideration of how events such as the bushfires can provide a stronger mandate for authorities to educate the population re adaptation strategies
- whole of government approach to co-ordinate initiatives and policies
- strategies and alternatives to address household and other waste management
- issues related to more efficient food production
- possibility of nuclear power for Victoria
- support/recognition for more community action re power generation, water tanks, voluntary action, solar panels
Participants proposed a number of adaptation strategies that could help Victoria respond to the physical impact of climate change, including:
- stronger whole-of-government frameworks for regulation and stronger enforcement of policy and the Victorian government leading by example
- risk assessments in regions
- opportunities for initiatives including smart grids for electric vehicles
- considering structure of communities and impact on biodiversity
- not relying too heavily on market-based solutions
- more community information, campaigns, education and government funding for engagement/ community alliances
- decreasing dependence on logging, emphasize ecotourism and bio sequestration
- increasing support/funding for and improving the efficiency of public transport across Victoria (not just Melbourne)
- seeking consistency across all jurisdictions for star/energy efficiency ratings and for planning developments
- considering that the current water limits are too high (eg suggestions to go move level 4)
- water restrictions allowing for any type of use up to the limit (inc gardens, hosing drive ways)
- considering food security and the implications of water use on changing food production patterns
- seeking alternative, ‘green jobs’, shifting jobs away from deforestation
- investing in a wide range of alternative energy sources particularly solar
- limiting types of packaging, stop use of plastic bags, increasing fines for littering
- improving the content of Sustainability Victoria website
- adapting building regulations to demand greater energy efficiency
5. What should be the role of state government and others in responding to climate change impacts?
Participants proposed a number of roles for state government in responding to climate change impacts, including:
- seeking greater planning and policy development consistency with other governments and across departments
- providing strong leadership on actions, targets and tight(er) timelines
- shifting subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy
- supporting vulnerable and disadvantaged communities
- investing in community education eg producing fact sheets answering common questions, depicting features of climate change, providing information on which green power purchases reduce emissions
- aligning incentives for households to act on climate change and to provide assistance to individuals who act early
- making green choices easier
Some participants sought clarity about how the CPRS will operate and what the scheme will deliver. Some participants questioned if carbon emissions contribute to climate change. A number of participants had suggestions for how the proposed national CPRS could be improved, including stronger commitments to precise targets and building in energy efficiency requirements. Some participants thought $10 a tonne was insufficient to drive real change. Comments included the need for CPRS to be predictable for low carbon industries to grow.
Some participants also wanted the State Government to apply pressure to the Federal Government to play a stronger role in relation to CPRS. Some participants had a number of suggestions for the role of state government with respect to the CPRS, including:
- setting and tracking Victoria’s own state-based targets
- providing clarity for how the CPRS will affect large industries
- clarifying reporting obligations
- reducing reliance on fossil fuels
- assisting vulnerable regions most likely to be disadvantaged by a CPRS such as the Latrobe Valley
- rewarding voluntary action outside the CPRS
Some participants commented that environmental management systems need to be well regulated and no rely too heavily on market forces.
7. What opportunities are created by climate change for new technologies and initiatives (and who should play which roles?)
Some participants thought the Paper was too limited in exploring opportunities for new technologies and suggested other examples such as wave technology, tidal power, geothermal, air conditioners powered by solar and nuclear energy.
There was a suggestion to set targets for collaboration between universities and business. Some participants saw opportunities in specific initiatives, such as energy from solar, waste and improving water efficient food production.
Other suggestions included:
- retro-fitting houses to five - seven star energy efficiency levels, incentives for domestic co generation units
- considering education and training needs to encourage development of new technologies
- hydroponics
- aquaponics
- improving capture and use of storm water
- supporting utilities hubs – local generation, co-location of water recycling
- ensuring initiatives taken by individuals/households (such as reducing mains water and/or energy consumption) are reflected in reduced utilities costs
